Pengertian Serta Rumus Kalimat Passive Voice

Pengertian Serta Rumus Kalimat Passive Voice 
Pernah dengar tentang passive voice? Passive voice adalah salah satu kaidah atau aturan yang digunakan dalam berbahasa Inggris. Kali ini kita akan mengenal definisi, aturan dan beragam contoh kalimat passive voice :

Definisi passive voice

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, passive voice bisa diartikan sebagai kalimat pasif yang membuat subyek kalimat tidak membuat aksi melainkan menjadi penerima aksi. Contohnya, bila dalam kalimat aktif kita membuat kalimat berupa “ibu menggoreng ikan”, maka dalam kalimat pasif kita bisa mengubahnya menjadi kalimat “ikan digoreng ibu”. Hal yang sama juga akan kita lakukan bila membuat passive voice dalam aturan bahasa Inggris.

Rumus dasar passive voice

Untuk membuat passive voice, rumus dasar yang harus kita gunakan adalah

subject + auxiliary verb + verb 3.

Auxiliary verb yang akan kita gunakan untuk membuat passive voice bisa berupa primary auxiliary verb (is, am, are, were, was, be, been dan being) atau bisa juga berupa kombinasi antara 2 primary (will be, have been dan perpaduan primary lainnya).

Selain harus menggunakan auxiliary verb, passive voice juga hanya bisa dibuat bila kalimatnya menggunakan kata kerja transitif (kata kerja yang bisa menggunakan obyek). Contoh kata kerja transitif misalnya membaca, membuang, memasak, membeli dan merobek.

Membuat passive voice dengan tenses

Agar kita bisa mempelajari passive voice yang diaplikasikan langsung dengan penggunaan tenses, maka kita harus menyimak informasi mengenai rumus passive voice dalam 16 tenses berikut ini :

No	Tenses	Active Voice (contoh kalimat)	Passive Voice (contoh kalimat)
1	Simple Present Tense	S + V1 + O	S + to be (am, are, is) + V3 + by + O
		My mother always cleans the floor every morning.	The floor is always cleaned by my mother every morning
2	Present Continuous Tense	S + to be (am, are, is) + V1-ing + O	S + to be (am, are, is) + being + V3 + by + O
		They are making a rainbow cake now.	A rainbow cake is being made by them now
3	Present Perfect Tense	S + to be (am, are, is) + being + V3 + by + O	S + have/has + been + V3 + by + O
		The manager has interviewed some candidates	Some candidates have been interviewed by the manager.
4	Present Perfect Continuous Tense	S + have/has + been + V1-ing + O	S + have/has + been + being + V3 + by + O
		Many people have been speaking English	English has been being spoken by many people
5	Simple Past Tense	S + V2 + O	S + to be (was, were) + V3 + by + O
		Fadhila watched the movie in the theatre last night.	The movie was watched by Fadhila in the theatre last night.
6	Past Continuous Tense	S + to be (was, were) + V1-ing + O	S + to be (was, were) + being + V3 + by + O
		She was buying some books last night.	Some books were being bought by her last night.
7	Past Perfect Tense	S + had not + V3 + O	S + had + been + V3 + by + O
		Carroll had made a good decision to leave Liverpool.	A good decision had been made by Carroll to leave Liverpool.
8	Past Perfect Continuous Tense	S + had + been + V1-ing + O	S + had + been + being + V3 + by + O
		She had been watering this plant.	This plant had been being watered by her.
9	Simple Future Tense	S + will not + V1 + O	S + will be + V3 + by + O
		The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week	The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.
10	Future Continuous Tense	S + will + be + V1-ing + O	S + will + be + being + V3 + by + O
		He will be meeting them.	They will be being met by him.
11	Future Perfect Tense	S + will + have + V3 + O	S + will + have + been + V3 + by + O
		She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.	This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.
12	Future Perfect Continuous Tense	S + will + have + been + V1-ing + O	S + will + have + been + V1-ing + O
		She will have been watering this plant.	This plant will have been being watered by her.
13	Past Future Tense	S + would +  V1 + O	S + would + be + V3 + by + O
		We would buy a dictionary	A dictionary would be bought by us
14	Past Future Continuous Tense	S + would + be + V1-ing + O	S + would + be + being + V3 + by + O
		She would be listening to the music when the phone rang	The music would be being listened by her when the phone rang
15	Past Future Perfect Tense	S + would + have + V3 + O	S + would + have + been + V3 + by + O
		Many people would have spoken English	English would have been spoken by many people
16	Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense	S + would + have + been + V1-ing + O	S + would + have + been +being + V3 + by + O
		He would be meeting them.	They would be being met by him.

Pengecualian pada beberapa kata kerja transitif

Beberapa kata kerja transitif dalam bahasa Inggris ternyata tidak bisa diubah ke dalam bentukpassive voice lho. Kata kerja transitif seperti have, look, like, become, mean dan beberapa kata kerja transitif lainnya akan terasa aneh bila diubah ke dalam bentuk passive voice. Misalnya :

The candy contains aspartame.

tidak dapat dipasifkan menjadi : Aspartame is contained by the candy.

Jadi, kita harus lebih teliti menggunakan kata kerja transitif sebelum mengubahnya ke bentuk passive voice. Nah, sekarang kita pasti lebih memahami aturan penggunaan passive voice dalam bahasa Inggris. Jika kita berhasil menguasai aturan active voice dan passive voice, belajar bahasa Inggris diharapkan akan terasa makin mudah dan menyenangkan. Selamat belajar bahasa Inggris !

Sumber : Telusur